What are the precise functions of the various types of microphones, and how do they differ from one another?
Many microphones are available, each with its unique design and set of features. In the list below, you’ll see several common types.
A diaphragm, wire coil, and magnet make up the core of a dynamic microphone. When the diaphragm vibrates in response to sound waves, the coil moves inside the magnetic field, producing an electric current. When dealing with high SPLs, dynamic microphones are generally considered to be the most dependable and sturdy alternative.
A condenser microphone’s small diaphragm rests directly on top of an electrically charged metal plate (the backplate). Because of the diaphragm’s relative motion to the backplate, sound waves affect the electrical charge on it. At some time, the ensuing electrical fluctuation is converted into a sound wave. A condenser microphone’s famed clarity and sensitivity have made them a standard in audio recording.
The sound is picked up by a ribbon microphone, which consists of a thin metal strip (the ribbon) stretched between two magnets. As the ribbon vibrates due to the introduction of sound waves, a current of electricity is generated. Due of its capacity to take up high frequencies and provide a warm, natural sound, the ribbon microphone has been in use for decades.
Due to the USB connection, USB microphones are ideal for use in home recording environments, such as podcasting. Although condenser microphones with in-line preamplifiers tend to dominate the market, any of the aforementioned designs can be employed.
In-person interviews and live broadcasts on TV and radio frequently use lavalier microphones that are clipped into the speaker’s clothing. Microphones, whether condenser or dynamic, are commonly employed, and they are typically positioned close to the lips of the speaker.
It is vital to thoroughly analyze both the intended use and the desired sound before settling on a microphone.